From ancient times, different methods were used to locate the presence of underground water and nowadays, instruments were replacing the older methods to provide us better results.
Let us go through some of the important ways in which groundwater resources can be located.
The different methods and tools used in water locations can be broadly divided into two types.
They are,
A. Manual method and B. Instrumental method
First, we will see the different tools or materials used in finding groundwater.
A. MANUAL METHOD:
Here, you have to walk in your land in all those areas where you want to find an underground water location, with the following given tools or materials held in your palm, until you get a good result.
1. Y-stick:
The two ends of the Y-stick are held loosely with both hands applying a little pressure in the outer direction. The other end of the stick raises upwards in the ground position, where there is a possibility of groundwater beneath the surface.
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| Y-stick |
2. L - rods:
The L- rods are made up of metals like copper or aluminum as shown in the fig. below. The shorter side should be held in both hands, with the longer portion of the L- rods parallel to each other. They should be 6 to 10 inches apart from each other. The longer part of the L- rod crosses each other making x-shape when water flow is found underground.
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| L-rod. |
3. Pendulum:
This method of finding water using a pendulum is said as dowsing. The string of the pendulum should be held in two fingers. It sways to and fro to show the water's presence, and swings in a circular motion at the water location point of your land.
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| Pendulum. |
4. Coconut:
The coconut should be held in the palm as shown in fig. The front side of the coconut raises slightly where there is a groundwater flow. If there is a strong upward raise, then we can say that there is a good water stream beneath.
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| Coconut. |
B. INSTRUMENTAL METHOD:
Nowadays, as the cost of drilling borewells is on the higher side, everybody needs an accurate way of analyzing the water table and water availability. These instrumental methods are more costly when compared to the manual method but save over larger investments with greater accuracy.
The instruments mainly work on the following two principles.
They are,
1. PMR method:
PMR stands for proton magnetic resonance. It consists of two electrodes that are plugged into the ground at a particular distance. The instrument receives a signal transmitted by the hydrogen atoms, through these electrodes, which shows the presence of groundwater underneath.
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| PMR instrument. |
2. VLF method:
In this method, the instrument uses electromagnetic signals by magnetic induction, and hence no electrodes are needed. The antenna present over the instrument rotates in a circular motion when the groundwater is located on your land.
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| VLF instrument. |
By using instrumental methods, we can find out the depth of the groundwater from the surface and the approximate amount of water you will receive in that particular location.
To go through the articles related to the different types (classifications) of construction materials, click here.
Thank you for reading this article😃.
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