How to calculate the water holding capacity of capsule tank?/ Calculating the volume of capsule tank./Capsule shape volume calculation.

Let us consider a hemispherical capsule tank as shown below.

Another name for such shapes is the spherocylindrical water tank.

The formula for the volume calculation 

  V = [πr2 L + (4π r3 ÷3)]

      =  [π r2  × {L + (4 r ÷3)}]

Let us redraw the capsule tank with dimensions for calculation purposes.

Given data:

Length = L = 2.5m.

Diameter = d = 1m.

Volume calculation:

Radius r = [ d ÷ 2]

              = [ 1m. ÷ 2]

             r = 0.5m.

The volume of the capsule tank

V =  [π r2  × { L + (4 r ÷3)}]

     = [3.142 × 0.52  × { 2.5m + (4× 0.5m.  ÷3)}]

     = [0.7855 × { 2.5m. + 0.667m}]

     = [0.7855 × 3.167m]

     = 2.487 cum.

As you know, 1 cum = 1000 liter 

So, the capacity of the capsule water tank in liters

= [2.487 cum × 1000]

= 2487 liters.

The capacity of the capsule water tank in US gallons

  = [2487 liters ÷ 3.785 ]

   ( As 1US gallon = 3.785 liters )

  = 657.07 gallons.

To go through the articles on Estimation & calculation in civil engineering, click here.

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What is the difference between mild steel & stainless steel?/ Mild steel Vs. stainless steel.

 Let us observe the differences between mild steel & stainless steel in a table format.

Sl. no.	Description	Mild steel	Stainless steel
1.	Main factor that differentiates them.	Carbon as main alloying element.	Chromium as main alloying element.
2.	Fabrication.	Easy to cut, bend, & fabricate.	Comparatively not easy to cut, bend, & fabricate.
3.	Corrosion resistance.	No.	Yes.
4.	Rusting prevention.	Iron present in the steel reacts with oxygen forming iron oxide i.e. rust.	Chromium present in the steel reacts with oxygen forming chromium oxide which forms a layer to prevent rusting of iron.
5.	Appearance.	Not attractive.	Attractive & aesthetic in appearance.
6.	Cost.	Comparatively cheaper.	Comparatively  Expensive.
7.	Surface look.	Dull.	Shiny.
8.	Welding work.	Easy to weld.	Comparatively not easy to weld.
9.	Hardness.	Comparatively less hard	Comparatively more hard.
10.	Toughness.	Less tough.	More tough.
11.	Ductility.	More ductile.	Less ductile.
12.	Application.	Reinforcement bars, sheets, angels, bolts, beam sections, channels, etc.	Utensils, surgical equipments, railing pipes, bathroom fixtures, etc.
13.	Working & finishing cost.	Less expensive.	Comparatively more expensive.
14.	Malleability.	Comparatively more malleable.	Less malleable.
15.	Brittleness.	Less brittle.	Comparatively more brittle.
16.	Lifespan.	Comparatively less due to corrosion.	More lifespan due to corrosion resistance.
17.	Maintenance.	More maintenance cost in preventing the material from rusting.	Less maintenance cost.
18.	Magnetic.	Yes.	Ferritic  stainless steels are generally magnetic but austenitic steels are not.

 

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How to calculate the volume of the swimming pool?/ Calculating the maximum capacity of swimming pool.

 Let us calculate the volume of the swimming pool as shown below.

Let us divide the swimming pool into two sections as shown in the red dotted line.

   1. Section-1  👉   rectangular prism.

   2. Section-2  👉   triangular prism.

1. The volume of a rectangular prism:

Given data:

Length = L = 15m.

Width = W = 6m.

Depth = D = 0.9m.

Now, the volume of the rectangular prism

   = [length × width × depth]

   = [ 15m. × 6m. × 0.9m.]

   = 81 cum.

2. The volume of a triangular prism:

The volume of the right-angle triangular prism 

     = [0.5 × base × depth × width]

  Here,

  Base  = [15m - 4m.]

            = 11m.

  Depth = [1.8m - 0.9m]

            = 0.9m.

 Width = 6m.

Putting the values in the above formula,

The volume of the triangular prism 

  = [ 0.5 × 11m. × 0.9m. × 6m.]

  = 29.7m.

The volume of the swimming pool

    = Volume of [section -1 + section -2 ]

    = [ 81 cum. + 29.7 cum.]

    = 110.70 cum.

The maximum water holding capacity of the swimming pool:

As you know, 1cum = 1000 liters.

 Maximum capacity of swimming pool

  = [ total volume. × 1000 liters]

 = [ 110.70 cum. × 1000 liters]

 = 1,10,700 liters.

To go through the articles on Estimation & calculation in civil engineering, click here.

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What is the difference between AAC blocks & CLC blocks?/ AAC blocks Vs. CLC blocks.

 Let us observe the differences between AAC blocks & CLC blocks in a table format.

Sl. no.	Description	AAC blocks	CLC blocks
1.	Raw material	Cement, gypsum, aluminium powder, sand or fly ash, aeration agent.	Cement, sand or fly ash, foaming agent, water.
2.	Price of blocks having same density.	INR 1.10 to 1.25 X/-	INR X/-
3.	Investment for production.	Comparatively high.	Comparatively low.
4.	Curing method.	Steam curing in autoclave.	Water curing or regular steam curing.
5.	Dry density (As per IS codes).	450kg/cum to 1000kg/cum.	800kg /cum to 1800  kg/cum.
6.	Cost.	Comparatively expensive.	Comparatively  cheaper.
7.	Compressive strength.	3 to 5 N/mm2	2 to 7 N/mm2
8.	Manufacturing scale.	Manufactured in large scale.	Manufactured in medium or small scale.
9.	Air voids percentage.	50 to 60% of total volume.	30 to 40% of total volume.
10.	Quality.	Consistent as production is mostly automated.	Inconsistent, as the production is labour oriented.
11.	Variation in dimension.	± 1.5mm.	± 4mm.
12.	Water absorption.	30%  for the block having density of 1000kg/cum.	12.5% for the blocks having density of 1000kg/cum.
13.	Production process.	The large size blocks are cut to the required sizes using machinery.	The individual blocks are made in separate moulds.
14.	Comparative strength for the blocks having same density.	1.10 X to 1.30 X	1 X
15.	Space for curing.	Needs less space.	Needs more space.
16.	CO2 emission.	Emits slightly more CO2 in comparison.	Emits slightly less CO2 in comparison.
17.	Availability.	Made in larger factories. So, they may not be available locally.	Made in smaller units. So, they may be available locally.
18.	Transport.	Adds more money to transport.	Adds less money to transport.

 

Go through the article👇

👀.  What are cellular lightweight concrete (CLC)  blocks ?- Their advantages, price & different sizes.

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How to calculate the cost of acrylic wall putty per sq. ft.? / Estimating the cost of acrylic wall putty. (Part - 2)

 👀. Estimating the cost of cement wall putty. (Part - 1)

      Back 👆 Part-1 

Let us apply Trucare acrylic wall putty of Asian paints as shown below.

Let us find out the application cost of acrylic wall putty for the below-given wall.

Given data:

Height of the wall = 10 ft.

Length of the wall = 16 ft.

Area of the wall 

= [length × height]

= [ 16 ft. × 10 ft.]

= 160 sq ft.

A. Material calculation:

The coverage area as specified by the company for 2 coats is 24 - 35 sq ft./kg.

Let us take the average of these coverage areas = 29.5 sq ft./ kg.

So, total acrylic putty consumption 

 = [total wall area ÷ coverage area in sq ft.]

 = [ 160 sq ft. ÷ 29.5 sq ft.]

 = 5.42 kg.

B. Labor calculation:

The labor rate for applying 2 coats of wall putty is between INR 3/- to 5/- per sq ft.

Let us take the average rate of INR 4/- per sq ft.

The total cost of labor

= [ total wall area × labor rate / sq ft.]

= [ 160 sq ft. × 4/- ]

= INR 640/-

Now, let us calculate the cost of applying Asian acrylic putty in table format.

Sl. no.	Item.	Qty.	Rate. in INR.	Unit.	Cost in INR.
1.	Acrylic putty	5.42	58/-	Kg.	314.36
2.	Miscellaneous	Lump-sum			50.00
3.	The material cost =				364.36
4.	Add 5% wastage =				18.22
5.	Total material cost =				382.58
6.	Labour cost =				640.00
7.	The total cost of applying acrylic putty =				1022.58

 

Note: To get accurate results, insert your regional market rate of materials & labor, in the above table.

1. Cost of applying acrylic wall putty /sq ft.

     = [ Total cost  ÷ area of the wall ]

     = [ INR 1022.58/- ÷ 160 sq ft. ]

     = INR 6.39 / sq ft.

2. Cost of applying acrylic wall putty /sq m.

    = [cost per sq ft. × 10.764]

       ( As 1 sq m. = 10.764 sq ft.)

     = [ 6.39 × 10.764]

     = INR 68.78 / sq m.

 3. Percentage difference in cost

  From part 1, cement wall putty cost/sq ft. = 6.09/sq ft.

  From part 2, acrylic wall putty cost/sq ft. = 6.39/sq ft.

                                                                          

                                           Cost difference = 0.30/sq ft.

%ge difference in cost.

   = [ (100 × 0.30) ÷ 6.09]

   = 4.92% 

Note: 

1. I have done the calculation of cement putty & acrylic putty separately to show you the actual difference in their cost.

2. As the coverage area of acrylic putty is more, the actual cost of applying acrylic putty is not more than 5% of cement putty.

To go through the articles on Estimation & calculation in civil engineering, click here.

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How to calculate the cost of wall putty per sq. ft.? / Estimating the cost of cement wall putty. (Part - 1)

 If you are looking for a readymade calculator for wall putty, then click here.

 For the calculation procedure, go through the following steps.👇

Let us find out the application cost of cement wall putty for the below-given wall.

Given data:

Height of the wall = 10 ft.

Length of the wall = 16 ft.

Area of the wall 

= [length × height]

= [ 16 ft. × 10 ft.]

= 160 sq ft.

A. Material calculation:

Let us apply Asian wall care putty for this wall as shown below.

The coverage area as specified by the company for 2 coats is 10 - 15 sq ft./kg.

Let us take the average of these coverage areas = 12.5 sq ft./ kg.

So, total wall putty consumption 

 = [total wall area ÷ coverage area in sq ft.]

 = [ 160 sq ft. ÷ 12.5 sq ft.]

 = 12.80 kg.

B. Labor calculation:

The labor rate for applying 2 coats of wall putty is between INR 3/- to 5/- per sq ft.

Let us take the average rate of INR 4/- per sq ft.

The total cost of labor

= [ total wall area × labor rate / sq ft.]

= [ 160 sq ft. × 4/- ]

= INR 640/-

Now, let us calculate the cost of applying Asian wall putty in table format.

Sl. no.	Item.	Qty.	Rate. in INR.	Unit.	Cost in INR.
1.	Wall care putty	12.80	21/-	Kg.	268.80
2.	Miscellaneous	Lump-sum			50.00
3.	The material cost =				318.80
4.	Add 5% wastage =				15.94
5.	Total material cost =				334.74
6.	Labour cost =				640.00
7.	The total cost of applying wall care putty =				974.74

 

Note: To get accurate results, insert your regional market rate of materials & labor, in the above table.

1. Cost of applying cement wall putty /sq ft.

     = [ Total cost  ÷ area of the wall ]

     = [ INR 974.74/- ÷ 160 sq ft. ]

     = INR 6.09 / sq ft.

2. Cost of applying cement wall putty /sq m.

    = [cost per sq ft. × 10.764]

       ( As 1 sq m. = 10.764 sq ft.)

     = [ 6.09 × 10.764]

     = INR 65.57 / sq m.

         Continued  Part-2 👇 

 👀. How to calculate the cost of acrylic wall putty per sq. ft.?  

Thank you for going through these calculation steps❤. Have a good day 😄.

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