Factors to be considered while choosing the AC tonnage for a room are explained below.
1. Location:
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The atmosphere of different geographical regions varies widely in their climatic conditions. Some areas are humid & hot while some have cooler & drier climates.
We need larger AC systems in the hotter regions, & a smaller AC unit will work well for the locations having colder weather.
2. Sunlight exposure:
If the room or building is surrounded by a lot of trees, the shades decrease the atmospheric temperature & inner heat.
If the structure is on the top floor, the roof & walls face direct sunlight, which in turn creates a hotter interior.
3. Room size:
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AC controls the room temperature by removing the heat from the interior space. The larger the size of the room, we need the AC unit of higher tonnage. Or we can say that room size is directly proportional to the tonnage of an AC system.
4. Room height:
Similar to the room size, if the height of the room increases, the volume of the occupied space increases & again we need high-capacity AC to cool the room efficiently.
5. Openings:
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Windows provide a passage for the entry of sunlight within the room. So, it is simple logic that, windows or openings in the room will help in enhancing the heat load over the Air conditioner.
Therefore, we have to consider the no. of openings while calculating the BTU of the room.
6. Occupants:
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The human body constantly releases heat into the surrounding atmosphere. So, if the room is occupied by more no. of people, the more will be the interior heat load.
Therefore, when deciding on the AC tonnage, the count of room occupants becomes an important factor.
7. Furniture:
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Furniture absorbs the cooling effect produced by the AC to equalize with the surrounding temperature.
A room occupied with more furniture needs an AC of higher tonnage to make up for its absorption properties.
8. Insulation:
Insulation blocks the penetration of heat from the outer atmosphere. The room installed with a false ceiling & wall insulation helps in decreasing the required tonnage of AC.
9. Electronic gadgets & appliances:
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All the electronic gadgets & appliances dissipate heat & rise the inner temperature.
The office interior having internet connections & CPU units need higher capacity air conditioners when compared to the bedrooms having the same volume.
10. Adjacent room:
The kitchen produces more heat due to cooking and the air transfers the heat to the adjacent area by convection.
If you are planning to install the AC in the hall or room with an open kitchen, the extra heat should be accounted for while doing the tonnage estimation.
11. Lighting:
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It is a known fact that lighting transfers heat to the occupied space. A higher wattage system constantly releases heat & it increases load over the working AC.
12: Orientation:
The orientation of the building or specific room also impacts the required capacity of the AC.
For eg., the east or west-facing room has more exposure to heat rather than the north or south-facing orientation due to direct exposure to the sunlight.
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